1829.]

Wolvesey Palace, Winchester. Mr. URBAN, Feb. 4. THE venerable Episcopal residence at Winchester called Wolvesey Castle, situate at a short distance from the College, was erected on the site of a more ancient palace, by Henry de Blois, Bp. of Winchester, about the year 1138. Its strength was soon evinced by the siege which it with stood against the united forces of Robert Earl of Gloucester, and David King of Scotland; and Henry the Second, on his coming to the Crown, caused it to be dismantled. The cas tle, however, soon became again a place of great strength, and continued to be the residence of the Bishop of Winchester till it was finally destroy ed by order of Cromwell in 1646.

The principal ruins that how remain, belonged to the keep. Their appearance about thirty years since is thus described by Dr. Milner, in his History of Winchester:

"The keep appears to have been an imperfect parallelogram, extending about 250 feet east and west, and 160 north and south. The area, or inside of the quadrangle, was 150 feet in length, and 110 in breadth, which proves the wings of the building to have been 50 feet deep. The tower which flanks the keep to the S.E. is square, sup ported by three thin buttresses, faced with stone. The intermediate space, as well as the building in general, on the out side, is composed of cut flints, and very hard mortar, a coat of which is spread over the whole: the N.E. tower, which advances beyond its level, is rounded off at the extremity. In the centre of the N. wing, which has escaped better than the other wings, is a doorway leading into a garden, which is defended by two small towers, and has a Pointed arch. Hence there is reason to suspect that it is of more modern construction than the rest of the building. The inside of the quadrangle, towards the court, was faced with polished free-stone, as ap pears from the junction of the north and east wings, which is the most entire morsel in the whole mass, aud exhibits a specimen of as rich and elegant work as can be pro duced from the twelfth century; we there view the wallet ornament, and triangular fret, which adorn the circular arches, still remaining; together with the capitals, and a corbel bust, executed with a neatness un usual at that early period.

"Wolvesey is stated to have derived its name from the tribute of wolves' heads, imposed on the Welsh by King Edgar; and which, it is asserted, was ordered to be paid here."

GENT. MAG. February, 1829.

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The picturesque remains of this episcopal and castellated Palace, as they now appear, are faithfully represented in the subjoined engraving (see Plate 1.) They are of considerable extent, but without any prominent architectural feature. Heaps of ruined walls, none very lofty, and nearly all clad with ivy, or concealed by shrubs and trees, compose the subject of these remarks. Wolvesey Palace has for ages supplied materials for the builder, who has not scrupled to detach the firm and well-constructed masonry from the solid walls, which it faced, thereby leaving fragments as rough and shapeless as rocks. These heedless dilapidations have heretofore been permitted among the noble ruins of our ancient edifices, and perhaps no one exhibits more strikingly the effects of this mischief and economy than Fountains Abbey; but in this instance the injury is no longer perinitted, though it is still allowed at Cowdray, the remains of whose ancient mansion are not inferior in point of interest, and in the elegant variety of its architecture, to any in the king

But to return to Wolvesey Palace. Though its architecture has few enrichments, it possesses sufficient interest to command notice. The antiquary will be gratified by the examination of the mutilated carved work of its windows and arches; there is scarcely one of either entirely perfect, and the massy observable for their strength, and the stone and flint walls of its towers are neatness of their construction.

Wrought in the solid walls, and occasionally disclosed, are fragments of early Norman sculpture, which we may fairly presume to have belonged to the palace built by William the Conqueror near the north-west corner of the cathedral churchyard, and which was utterly demolished by Bp. Henry de Blois, who rebuilt the palace of Wolvesey, of which nothing more now remains than fragments of the keep. Originally the plan was a parallelogram, and its situation within the inclosed area which was spacious, near the north-west angle. Its principal gateway faced the north. The northeast and north-west angles were defended by massy semicircular towers. Within the keep was a court which, besides the entrance before described,

Derrick's Memoirs of the Royal Navy.

had two other gateways, one on the west, the other on the south side.

This vast and massy building was encompassed by a lofty wall, embattled and defended by round or square towers placed at irregular intervals. Its precinct joined that of the cathedral towards the south-east. H.

1829.]

Derrick's Memoirs of the Royal Navy.

the fishermen of Sicily, Corsica, and Sardinia, resorted without fear to their rendezvous for the coral fishery, for which the coast of Africa has been always celebrated; and on the occasion of a church festival, had all gone ashore near the town of Bona. On or a few days before the 27th May, they were attacked by an Algerine frigate, from which a great number of troops had disembarked. The castle of Bona opened its fire, and a corps of cavalry at the same instant attacked them. Those who escaped the massacre were driven into the sea, and some saved themselves by swimming to the vessels afloat. Of 350 sail of fishermen, not half escaped; 55 Corsican gondolas left Bastia, and only ten returned, having on board 140 men, the remains of 500 who had embarked early in May. The Sicilians lost 600 people in the massacre; the Sardinians suffered equally; and several of the vessels under English colours were involved in the general destruction.

The English fleet, at the time of this atrocious breach of faith, was on its way home with the Commander in Chief, and had scarcely arrived in port long enough to be disbanded, before an account of it reached this country; upon which Government seemed not to hesitate as to the adoption of measures to prevent, if possible, a recurrence of such base and abominable conduct, in all future time, notwithstanding the urgent necessity there was for reducing the public expences as fast as circumstances would possibly admit.

A squadron consisting of part of the guardships, one or two other 74 gunships, frigates, &c. then in commission, together with some bomb vessels and others, which were fitted for the purpose, was therefore collected, and largely stored with ammunition, without delay, and the command of it given to the noble Admiral who had so recently visited the guilty city on a peaceable errand. The ships being at length well manned, which could not be accomplished all at once, the squadron set sail from Plymouth, but being retarded by calms and foul winds on its way to Gibraltar, where it was detained four days, it did not leave the latter port until the 13th August. had been strengthened there by five English gun-boats, and by six Dutch

It

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frigates under command of Admiral Cappellen.

A rumour of the expedition had reached Algiers previous to its arrival at Gibraltar, and the enemy lost no time in collecting a large army, and in adding greatly to the fortifications of the city, and to the sea-defences; their ships were all in port, and between 40 and 50 gun and mortar boats ready, with several in a forward state of repair.

The fleet arrived at Algiers on the 27th August, upon which the Commander-in-chief dispatched a boat with a flag of truce, and the demands he had to make in the name of his Royal Highness the Prince Regent on the Dey. After waiting for an answer beyond the time required by the latter, the officer re-embarked, making a signal that no answer had been received; upon seeing which, and finding that all the ships were ready, the Admiral's ship bore up, followed by the whole fleet, for their appointed stations. The Queen Charlotte anchored about fifty yards from the entrance of the Mole, in which position her starboard broadside bore upon every object within it.

Although the enemy had detained the flag of truce upwards of three hours, they appeared to be still unprepared for this rapid movement, for not a gun was fired by them until the Queen Charlotte was moored.

At this moment of profound silence, when the Admiral began to expect a full compliance with the terms demanded, a shot was fired at his ship from the Mole, and two at the other ships then following from the northward this was promptly returned by the Queen Charlotte; and thus commenced a fire as animated and well supported as perhaps was ever witnessed, from a quarter before three until nine, without intermission, and which did not cease altogether until past

eleven.

The Dutch Admiral, with the frigates under his command, co-operated by keeping up a well-supported fire on the flanking batteries, from which he had offered to cover the British ships, as it was not in the power of the Commander-in-chief, for want of room, to bring him in front of the Mole. C.D. (To be continued.)

Erratum.-Vol. xcvi. ii. p. 319, after the words "none of them," read, except the guardships.

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Correspondency in various Languages.
Sidmouth-street,

Mr. URBAN, Regency-sq. Feb. 4.

A grieved immoderately at the death

SANDWICH Islander, who

of his Chief, being asked why he sat so long in sackcloth and ashes (for when they mourn, they put on their most sordid clothing and sit in the dirt,) he replied, because he should never more find such a patron who had not two. hearts but only one.

This mode or formula for expressing insincerity, is the same as the Hebrew in Psalm xii. 3, ab aba, is imitated in the etymology of our word duplicity, and in the Latin epithet multiplex. In Tully's Essay on Friendship, we have a sample of the same way of thinking,"qui id fieri poterit, si ne uno quidem quoque unus animus erit idemque semper, sed varius commutabilis, multiplex?" cap. 25.

The Hawaiian and Tahitian Aüe (pronounced nearly Aweh), Hebrew , Greek dva, Latin vae, and English woe; that all these words are derived from the same parent stock, no one can doubt, considering the relationship there is between the sounds u, v, and w. And as sometimes

denotes a certain fondness or kindness of any thing; so the Sandwich Islander sends his aue to his special friend; for tears or weeping are, in the natural state of man, as much a sign of joy as they are of sorrow. These people cry as loud on receiving a friend who has returned from a journey or a voyage, as they did at his departure, in the same manner as Joseph, who', ȧOne Qwany μeтα xλaveμou, Gen. xlv. 2, when he made himself known to his

brethren.

The Hebrew root was the vocable, that was applied to the effect which endearment has upon the tender feelings of man in his simple state; and hence by an usual transition from effect to cause, it came to be used for any thing that was beautiful or desir able; for the sojourner wept when he left the oasis, where his cattle had of ten pastured. Virg. Eclog. 1. 76—7 ; Joel i. 19, 20; the maiden, when she lost her jewels, and the patriarch when he buried his dead out of his sight.

In the dialect of Hawaii, the vowels u and i pass into consonants when preceded and followed by a vowel; as, for example, the phrase nana mai oe, look here, is pronounced nana mai yoe. The

*[Feb.

Indian who rejoices that the Word of God has reached his ear, repeats his gratulation-ua olioli au, I am glad; as if it were written wuă olioli wau. The consonantal power of these letters, growing as it were by organic necessity out of their vowel sounds, might properly suggest a reason why the Eolic digamma is not accounted for in the orthography of the ancient Greek; for if natural enunciation could uniformly teach an Argive to avoid an hiatus, as it does a Sandwich islander, any sign or symbol denoting an artifice would have been superfluous.

This phenomenon in vocal utterance has in the English language been hidden by the invention of the letter j, and the transferring of y from some of its original situations. But j is not so widely different from i as its name might at first seem to indicate, for on the stage I have sometimes heard the Spanish pronoun Io in rapid elocution pronounced as if it had been written Jo.

Matth. iii. 4. ἡ δε τροφη αὐτου ἦν axpades. The uihi, or green grasshopper, when roasted is esteemed very good eating by the natives of Oahu (Wahoo). Perhaps the animal mentioned in Levit. xi. 22, is called bann, from an, to shake, on account of the shaking or quivering of the wing-cases, and by sympathy of the whole body while chirping.

Isaiah, lviii. 11. bn' qind¥vi—xai, τα όστα σου πιανθήσεται; “ alluding to the pliancy and flexibility of the bones, in their sockets, which is the consequence of a well-fed succulent body." (Parkhurst.) The superiority of the chiefs in point of bulk and stature, considered by the natives of the group of islands alluded to, as the foundation of all other claims to personal influence, is ascribed by them to the plentiful supply of a mild and nutritious aliment called poe, being the macerated and half-fermented root of the calladium or taro, and the inactive life which their foster mothers afford them during childhood.

We find many intimations in ancient writers, that a certain plumpness of body, and a roundness of feature, entered into the composition of their ideal beauty, and when this is the effect of a delicate nurture, the human frame is rendered peculiarly sensible to the external stimulants of heat and cold, and becomes so unbraced for