The Thermodynamics of the Steady State

applied chemical potential chemical reaction concentration consider creation of entropy defined detailed balancing diffusion flow diffusion force diffusion potential discussed displacement enthalpy entropy change entropy creation entropy per unit equa equal equation 83 equations of motion example expressed flow of energy flow of heat fluid function grad gradient of temperature Groot heat flow heat of transport heat reservoirs internal energy ions irreversible processes J₁ J₂ kinetic last equation linear Meixner membrane microscopic reversibility mole molecular molecules obtained Onsager reciprocity relation Onsager theory Onsager's theory Prigogine principle of microscopic quantity rate of creation rate of entropy reaction rate reaction system reciprocal relations result reversi second law Section shown stationary substance surface integral T+dT temperature and pressure temperature gradient thermal conductivity thermal diffusion thermal migration thermo thermodynamic equations thermodynamic equilibrium thermodynamic force Thomson's hypothesis tion unit volume velocity vessels virtual displacement X₁ zero