X-ray Observations of Flow Patterns in a Mercury Boiler

adiabatic appendix Baker chart boiler inlet boiler insert zone Boiler satura boiler surface boiler wall boiler-superheater boiling bulk liquid centrifugal forces cm/sec condensate column corrosion results corrosive attack dewetting Diffuse helical streamlet downstream droplets entrained figure 11 flow and pressure flow conditions FLOW PATTERN OBSERVATIONS flow pattern regime flow rate Flowmeter pressure drop gas flow heat flux Heat Transfer heater element helically grooved helically swaged boiler kg/sec Lewis Research Center liquid carryover liquid film terminal liquid mercury liquid phase mass transfer mercury boiler mercury flow mercury loop metastable intervals metastable oscillations N/m abs NASA NASA TN nucleation zone observed flow patterns oscillations and excursions phase separation pounds per hour preheater psia radial acceleration saturation pressure shown in figure stratified flow superheater surface tension swaged boiler tube swirling device tangential velocity thermocouples two-phase flow two-phase inception two-phase mercury vapor throttle wall contact wave X-ray image system X-ray system