them had received from the protestant inhabitants of that city ¿ which indeed were so great and notorious, that lord Clarendon takes frequent notice of them in his dispatches into Eng. land. In one of these he complains, "that the new recruits were often affronted by the boys in Dublin, and that the soldiers, that were put out, did rap them soundly at fisty-cuffs." From another of these dispatches it appears, that these insults and disorders of the inhabitants of Dublin towards these recruits had risen so high, that his lordship was obliged, to send to the lord mayor, to let him know, that he expected he would keep the town in order, and not suffer any rudeness to be committed." And as for the forwardness of the popish priests at that juncture, such provocation was really given them from the pulpit, and otherwise, not only by the inferior protestant clergy, but even by the bishops, 3" that his excellency thought himself bound to send for the bishop of Meath to rebuke him 2 Id. ib. p. 294.

1 State Lett. vol. i. p. 295.

3 Id. ib. vol. i. p. 84.

cellency in another letter says, "if the king will have one half of the Irisk army to be natives, and the other half English, good God, why should not the chief governor be trusted with it, and why should it not be orderly done, which would make it well-digested, and not frighten people out of their wits!" I. p. 392.-He alludes here to Tyrconnel's rashly interfering in these matters, even during his excellency's government of Ireland.

On this occasion his excellency "assured some of the Roman catholic bishops, that he would give effectual orders, that whatever should happen of that kind, the parties should not be countenanced, and that their superiors should have notice of them. For that he was too well acquainted with the mischief that sort of loose clergy had done, who would submit to no authority; of which," adds he, "there are too many in all religions." State Lett. vol. i. p. 136-7-In this letter to lord Sunderland, hi, excellency acquaints him, "that he was then giving the necessary order, which lord Sunderland had directed, to all archbishops, bishops, sheriff, &c. that the Roman catholic clergy might not be molested in the exercise of their functions." Id. ib.—“ I believe you will hear a noise, (says lord Clarendon on this occasion) of two sermons which were preached here (Dublin) before me on all-saints day, and the 5th of November. Indeed they were indiscreet and impertinent sermons, and I do as little love to have preachers meddle with controversy or politics, as any body can do; I know neither of the men, but if I had, it had been all one, I would have done what I have done; the very next day I caused them both to be suspended and silenced."-I. vol. ii. p. 82.

on that account; and to let him know his mind on that head which that bishop promised to observe." And although he, had resolved" to hold the same course with other bishops, and had even suspended some of the turbulent preachers," yet he says," he could not answer, but some impertinent things would be said even before himself; and that he durst not undertake to keep the inferior clergy of Dublin within the bounds of duty and good manners."

CHAP. VII.

The conduct of the Irish and English army compared.

IF the new Irish recruits were insolent and flagitious, their officers, according to Dr. King's account of them, were infinitely more so. These officers were, in truth, the sons of some of the best, but despoiled, families of the kingdom. But if we believe the doctor,*« they were the scum and rascality of the nation, who ruined all the protestant inns; and might have killed whom they pleased, without fear of the law." In short, there was no irregularity, vice, or villainy, which he has not represented them to be capable of, and disposed to commit.†

+ Ib.

s 1b.

State of the Protestants, p. 47.

Lord chief justice Keating (" whom," as lord Clarendon testifies, “all parties owned to be a good man." State Lett. vol. i. p. 140.)—in a letter dated 1688, says, "that the Roman catholic nobility and gentry of Ireland were universally concerned both in the Irish army then raised, and in that which was afterwards to be raised."-Append. to King's State of the Protestants, &c.

Lord Clarendon himself, when in the government, had recommended several of these Roman catholic officers to be provided for, as lord Brittas, captain Butler, major M'Carthy, colonel Lacy, and others. State Lett. passim, and vol. i. p. 4.-The first and last of the above-named officers, he says, were almost ruined by Oates's villainy.Ib.

+ This scurrility seems less indecently applicable to king William's officers in Ireland; for marshal Schomberg, in a letter to his majesty from Lisburn, January 1689, tells him," that most of the Irish officers under him, particularly those of the Enniskilleners and Derry-men, were peasants." Dalrymple's Mem. vol. ii. p. 72. part ii.--The same marshal Schomberg mentioning king James's army, says, "the enemy are not only strong in numbers, but also well disciplined, and the situation of their camp as well chosen as the ablest generals could contrive.” Ib. p. 51.—Of his own

Allowing for a moment this account of king James's officers to be true, which we shall just now prove to be false, how much more shocking and authentic accounts have we of the treachery and cruelty of the principal commanders and adherents of king William on this bccasion ?

2

"Dr. Sheridan, the deprived bishop of Kilmore, assured Mr. Carte, that being well acquainted with the old earl of Peterborough, and often with him, he shewed him at one of his visits, sir George Hewit's original confession, with his hand and seal to it (which was afterwards sent to king James in France). In the confession, the said sir George Hewit, (who had been made a lord by king William,) begged pardon of God and king James, for his disloyalty and rebellion; and declared in it, that the night before king James went to Salisbury, the earl of Rochester and lord Churchill, now duke of Marlborough, the bishop of London (Stewart also, who is now a general officer), as he remembers, and himself, with others, met at Mr. Hatton Compton's house in St. Alban'sstreet; and there it was debated among them, how they should do the best service to the prince of Orange; and at length it was resolved, that the earl of Rochester should attend the king at Salisbury, but in order to betray all his councils to the prince of Orange; and the lord Churchill should endeavor to seize king James's person, and carry him off to the prince; but if he could not do that, he should pistol him or stab him when he was in the coach with him. This," adds Mr. Carte," the bishop has protested to me, more than once or twice, he saw written in the confession of sir George Hewit."

Mr. Lesley has justly observed on Dr. King's charge, “ that there never was, and perhaps never will be, a war, wherein there were not some disorderly and wicked persons; and that, 280.

2 Macphers. Orig. Pap. vol. i. p.

officers he says, "I never was in any army where there were so many new and lazy officers. The officers of the artillery are ignorant, lazy, and tiI discovered that in the artillery, there has been a great deal of roguery."-Ib. p. 60, et passim.

morous.

King James's Irish officers raised their own regiments, " and maintained them for five months at their own expence; the most of them having laid out all they were worth, and reduced themselves to an impossibility of doing so any longer."-King James's Memoirs. Macpherson's Hist. Grea Britain, vol. iii. p. 194-5.

that army is best conducted and disciplined, wherein such crimes are fewest and least." Now," says he, "whether the protestant army, then in Ireland, was not much more mischievous and ungovernable than the popish, I appeal to the testimony of an enemy then on the spot."

That enemy was Dr. Gorge, secretary to Marshal Schomberg, who, in a letter to colonel James Hamilton, 3 (after having told him, that the soldiers in the protestant army under king William, robbed and plundered at pleasure; that some of its leaders* ridiculed, scorned, and condemned all motions for its good government and order, and said, that religion was nothing but canting, and debauchery the necessary practice of a soldier†) takes notice, by way of contrast, of

3 See Append. to Lesley's Answer to King.

• Marshal Schomberg, in a letter to king William, in February, 1690, informs him, that "the Enniskillen and Londonderry regiments were upon a footing of license both to rob and steal." Dalrymple's Mem. vol. iii. p. 78. -In another letter he tells his majesty, that "one must count upon the troops raised in Ireland (for his majesty's service) only as so many cravats. That, in the day of battle, they will always throw themselves upon the first plunder. That Mr. Harbord (pay-master-general of his army) had expe rience of this: for that having gone one night, with his fowling-piece, upon a party with count Schomberg, and having fallen from his horse, five or six Enniskillen troopers began to strip and rob him, although he cried out that he was a pay-master, and that he would give them money to carry him to the camp; but thát á French officer in passing, having known him, the Enniskilleners brought him back." Id. ib. p. 66.—" I don't love to pillage," adds the marshal, “ I do what I can to prevent others from doing it, who think of nothing else." Id. ib." Your majesty," says the same, "had need of officers of justice to repress the disorders among these people (officers) who are lazy, and live only by theft and pillage."—Ib. p. 59.

"Can we expect," says Dr. Gorge in the same letter, speaking of king William's officers, "that Sodom will destroy Babylon; or that debauchery will destroy popery? Our enemy fights with the principle of a mistaken conscience against us; we against the conviction of our own conscience against them."-Lesley's Answer, p. 185.

"I am told," says Lesley, "this author (Dr. King) did express his just indignation against the wild and barefaced debauchery of the (king William's) army, from his pulpit, in Dublin, so far as to say, it was come to that pass that it was a scandal for any woman of reputation to be seen with a red or a blue coat."-Answ. p. 36.

In the life of Mr. Bonnel, Dr. King's dearly beloved friend, (a book highly commended by the then bishops of Meath and Clogher) where mention is made of the total defeat of king James's party in Ireland, the author re

the good discipline, principles, and practices of the popish army under king James, the strict proclamations published by that king, for the observance of good order, and how the pe nalties enjoined by them were severely and impartially executed." Dr. Gorge adds, " that too many of the English, as well as French and Danes, in king William's army, were highly oppressive to the poor country people; whereas," says he," their enemies (the Irish) had reduced themselves to that order, that they exercised violence on none, but the properties of such as they knew to be absent, or, as they phrased it, in rebellion against them; whose stock, goods, and estates were seized, and set by the civil government, and the produce ap plied towards and for the charge of the war."

CHAP. VIII

Irish rapparees.

ALTHOUGH Dr. King confesses," that the hearts of the Irish soldiery were generally sunk, and that they openly declared themselves desirous to lay down their arms, proposing to themselves no other conditions, but to return to the station in which they were in at king James's accession;" yet he at the same time represents that whole army as a band of furious freebooters and robbers," plundering the protestants in every

1 State of the Protest. p. 82.,

lates that good man's great regret, that “their (late) troubles were succeed. ed by a torrent of vice; that immorality and profaneness conquered as fast as their victorious arms, and that the same army that delivered them, did corrupt them too."-See Bonnel's Life, p.69.

"Colonel Woolseley tells secretary Southwell, that his own (king William's) men committed such disorders in their march, on all people, without distinction, that it was a shame to speak of it." Harris's king William, fol. 289.-" The country still (1691) suffered much under the power of the army (king William's), who, pretending to want subsistence, which was false, not only way-laid provisions coming to the markets, but plundered the market publicly of whatever they claimed to want." Ib. f. 322-Proposals were made to government to remedy this evil; however no steps were taken to obviate the mischief; the oppressions went on, and nothing but the final settlement of the kingdom was able to remedy the evil.' **"This the doctor asserts without proof; but if we may rely on what