massacre, all the protestants, the whole north of Ireland appeared of a sudden in one blaze, though the protestants then were so far from having any reason to fear the poor Irish there, as they pretended they did fear them, that they had them panting under their feet, in as much submission as ever a hawk had a lark." Dr. King himself confesses, that before king James left England, the protestants of Dublin had entered into a plot to seize the lord deputy with the castle, where the stores and ammuni 3 State of the Protestants, p. 82. ing into the association in Ulster."-Lesleys Answer, p. 79. The like villainous artifice was used to make king James's army desert him at the camp on Honslow-heath. Colonel Langston, and other superior officers affirming privately, with vollies of oaths, to the rest," that king James would turn out all the protestant officers and soldiers in his army, and have none but Roman catholics; that he had entered into a close league with France to have all the protestants throats cut in England and Scotland: and that, as soon as his army was modelled to his purpose, he would set up a mass in every church in England and Scotland; and he that was not a thorough papist, should be hanged, quartered, or burnt.” Macpherson's Hist. of Gt. Brit. vol. iii. p. 286. Dr. King pretends, that this villainous forged letter was directed to lord Mount-Alexander (p. 186): but chief justice Keating expressly says, "that it was neither directed to, nor subscribed by any person;" he adds, "that copies of it were dispersed throughout all parts of the kingdom: that the protestants were frightened to that degree by it, that many of them betook themselves to the Ards, and other places of security in the north; some into Scotland; and very many families embarked for England and Wales, carrying with them all the ready money and plate they had. The consternation being so great, that even the officers of the port, either out of commisseration to the departing cronds of women and children, or being amazed at the suddenness of the fright, neglected to do their duty; whereby Dublin and the adjacent places, were drained dry of their cash and plate."—See Appendix to King's State of the Protestants. "That letter caused the protestants of the north to meditate the design of rising against the government.”—Lel. Hist. of Irel. vol iii. p. 513. * "When the news (says he) came to Ireland, that king James had sent commissioners to treat with the prince of Orange, it was proposed by some to seize the castle of Dublin. The success was extremely probable; considering that the papists, besides the four thousand of the army, were generally without arms; and that those who were in arms were raw and cowardly. To do it effectually, there needed no more than to seize the deputy Tyrconnel, &c..”—King's State of the Protest. p. 83. "Dr. King wrote to an Irish protestant bishop then in London, that it tion lay; "he knew, that these protestants (and himself among the rest) had a private understanding and connection with the northern rebels, as they were then called; that when they were disarmed, February 24th, 1688, all the protestants, generally, in Ulster, Munster, and Connaught, and in all Ireland, except Dublin and other parts of Leinster (which the lord deputy kept in awe with what forces he had), were then actually in arms, in opposition to the government, and had entered into associations* to carry on their war. And he has even owned,s "that king James's army was but an handful to the protestants, there being even after the disarming, men and arms enough in Dublin says he to have dealt with them." And yet this impartial writer has represented the government's disarming the protestants, at such a critical juncture, as nothing less than a design to massacre them. was in almost every protestant's power in Ireland to hang the rest; yet that they were so true to one another, that they did not discover it."— Lesley's Answ. p. 106. * "We are told (says Mr. Lesley) in the faithful History of the Northern Affairs in Ireland, p. 7. (written by a protestant), that they began to arm and engage themselves in associations, about September 1688, ' two months before the prince of Orange landed in England.' p. 77. And when the happy tidings of the prince's landing (in England), says Mr. Boyse, had reached our ears, some non-conformist ministers and gentlemen of note, were employed to get some gentleman or other sent over from Dublin to the prince."-Answ. to King, p. 77. Long hefore king James's abdication was determined in the convention in England, which was in February 1688, the protestants in the north of Ireland were in arms. Ib. p. 75. And on the 8th of December preceding that determination, a deputation was sent by the gentlemen and others of that province to the prince of Orange, with an offer of their service; (Ib. p. 77.) although king James did not go out of England till December the 23d in that year. Ib. p. 73.—It is notorious, that upon the 11th of February 1688 (before the descent of king James's army into the north), some of colonel Cormick O'Neil's troop of dragoons were killed by the protestant forces at Tuam upon Loughneagh, in endeavoring that way to escape the northern associators, and get to their quarters.—Lesley's Answ. p. 86. And many other hostile acts were committed by the protestants in Ulster, before the descent of that army.-Ib. p. 89-90. CHAP. X. The disarming of the protestants further considered. AS for the second disarming of the protestants, on the 20th of July, 1689," it was in the very heat of the war, between king James and the northern associators, when Kirk had come from England, and was riding with his ships in Loughfoil, for the relief of Derry; which, with the before-mentioned conspiracy of the protestants of Dublin, to seize the lord deputy and castle, will surely justify the suspicion which the government entertained of these protestants, from the beginning." With respect to the scheme of starving one half the protestants of Dublin, which Dr. King has imputed to king James, Mr. Lesley observes, "that the hanging two of his Irish soldiers before a protestant baker's door, for stealing two loaves not worth a shilling; and the leaving them to hang there fortyeight hours (which Dr. Gorge testifies) to terrify others, did not look like starving the protestants of Dublin; but rather like feeding them, by letting them have bakers of their own, and protecting them in that manner." And as for that king's design of hanging the other half of the protestants, Mr. Les- ley also observes, "that in all the time the protestants of Dub. lin were in king James's power, viz. in summer 1689, he did not hang one of them, though some of them deserved it by the law then, as Dr. King could witness."* 1 Lesley, ubi supra. 2 Ubi supra. See Dr. Gorge's Lett. Append. * "I am told (says Mr. Lesley) that Dr. King owed it to king James's mercy that he now lives: was he not (adds he) accused of holding correspondence with, and giving intelligence to the rebels, as they were then called, both in England and the north of Ireland? did he not give frequent intelligence to Schomberg by one Sherman, and keep constant cor-" respondence with Mr. Tollet and others in London? A bloody-minded tyrant (such as King represents James) would have found another punishment for it than a short imprisonment. King James had once so good an opinion of this author, that he had him frequently in private and trusted him in his affairs, till at last he found him out."--Answ. p. 105-6. 1 ence. CHAP. XI. General De Rosen's cruelty before Derry considered. AFTER Derry had shut its gates* against king James, and several times refused to submit to his authority upon any conditions whatever, general de Rosen, a foreigner, was sent to besiege it; who made use, indeed, of a barbarous, though not unusual expedient to reduce it under king James's obediFor, Finding that the town was in extreme want of provisions, he proposed to increase their distress, by adding to their number; for which purpose, he issued orders for a general driving of all the protestants, protected and unprotected (says Dr. King), within thirty miles round; who were brought to his camp, and placed before the walls of the town, in hopes that their friends within would receive them into it, rather than suffer them to remain in so perilous a situation. On account of this inhuman order of De Rosen,† Dr. King thought himself entitled to brand the whole Irish army under him, with the * "Long before this, the people of Derry took out their pardon for shutting their gates against the earl of Antrim's regiment, which (adds my author) was a confession of some sort of guilt." Lesley's Answ. p. 93.—The protestants seized Derry the 7th or 8th of December 1688, and king James's army did not come to Drummore in the north till the 14th of March following. Id. ib. p. 97. "Rosen represented to king James the ill consequences of clemency, as his protections were found in the pockets of several who were found in arms against his authority." Macph. Hist. vol i. p. 567.-" This wretched measure produced no effect on the townsmen (of Derry), they fired upon their friends from the wall, but no mischief was done. Rosen convinced of the folly of his expedient, or touched with a momentary pity, withdrew the unhappy people after a few hours, and permitted them to return home. Some might have died of hunger and fatigue. The miseries, however, which followed this detestable measure have been greatly exaggera. ted, and king James himself has been unjustly blamed. James was alarmed at the intelligence, and offended at his general. He wrote to all his officers at their peril to pay no regard to the order: he sent his express commands to the mareschal himself to drop his unjust, as well as impolitic design. These people (says James) lived peaceably at home, they had either my protection or they relied upon my declaration. De Rosen's measure was inevitably to depopulate a country which I was resolved to defend. Besides, this precipitate aud unjust order furnished my enemies with an instance of my breach of faith in Ireland, which would contribute to ruin my interest ją my other kingdoms."-Id. ib. 1 decent appellation of* «murderers," because,' "he did not 1 State of the Protestants, &c. "Had Dr. King (says Mr. Lesley) such a story as that of Glenço, to tell of any of king James officers in Ireland, O! what declamations we should have of the bloody Irish cut throats, massacres, &c.? And what use would he have made of their giving it under their hands, that what they did, was by the king's express command, and none punished for it ?** -Ans, to King, p. 114. That shocking story of Glenco is thus briefly related by a late intelligent and unprejudiced writer. "A proclamation was published in autumn, 1691, which declared that all rebels who took the oaths to the govern ment, before the first of January ensuing, should be pardoned. All the attainted chieftains of the Highlands, except M'Donald of Glenco, took the oaths before the time prefixed, Upon the last day of December, he went to Fort-William, and desired the oaths to be tendered to him by the governor of the fortress, who, as he was not a civil magistrate, refused to administer them. M'Donald then went to Inverary, the county town, to take them; but by bad weather was prevented from reaching it, till the term prescribed by the proclamation was elapsed. The sheriff scrupled at first, but was prevailed upon at last to receive his allegiance. Advantage was taken of M'Donald's not having complied literally with the terms of the proclamation, and a warrant for proceeding to execution was procured from the king, which was signed above and below with his own hand. Sir John Dalrymple, the secretary, gave orders that the execution of it should be effectual, and without any previous warning. For this purpose, in the month of February, two companies went, not as enemies, but as friends; to take quarters in the valley of Glenco, where all the clan lived. To conceal the intention the better, the soldiers were of their own lineage, Highlanders of Argyle's regiment. They were all received with the rude, but kind hospitality of the country. They continued in the valley near a fortnight, and then in the night time rose to butcher their hosts! Captain Campbell of Glenlyon, who was uncle to the wife of one of M'Donald's sons, and had supped and played cards with M'Donald's family the night before, commanded the party. Thirty-eight men were slain. The rest would have shared the same fate, had not the alarm been given by one of M'Donald's sons, who overheard one of the soldiers say to another, he liked not the work; he feared not to fight the M'Donalds in the field, but had scarcely courage to kill them in their sleep but that their officers were answerable for the deed, not they." This execution made the deeper impression, because the king would not permit any of those who were concerned in it to be punished, conscious that in their case his own was involved."-Sir John Dalrymple's Memoirs, vol. i. p, 215. Dub. ed. “As a mark of his own eagerness to save secretary Dalrymple, king William signed the warrant both above and below with his own hand. In the night lieutenant Lindsay, with a party of soldiers, called in a friendly |