The Scientific Investigation of Mass Graves: Towards Protocols and Standard Operating ProceduresMargaret Cox, Ambika Flavel, Ian Hanson, Joanna Laver, Roland Wessling This book describes the detailed processes and techniques essential for the scientific investigation of atrocity crimes. It includes methods for the location, evaluation, excavation, recovery, and recording of mass graves and the analysis of human remains and other evidence in order to establish the identity of victims and the cause and manner of their deaths. This volume establishes protocols and standard operating procedures to guide standards and approaches that can be used for both judicial and humanitarian contexts. The procedures for field and mortuary application are flexible and can meet specific project aims, constraints, and contexts. |
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Contents
2 | 39 |
3 | 109 |
4 | 148 |
5 | 183 |
6 | 268 |
forms relating to this chapter can be found on the | 270 |
7 | 295 |
vertical diameter of the humeral head | 337 |
Figure 88 Descriptive aspects of an individual tooth and palatal | 413 |
Measurement | 436 |
Figure 813 Lateral aspect of | 437 |
Measurement of the adult clavicle scapula and sternum | 446 |
Measurement of the adult humerus radius ulna and metacarpal | 448 |
Figure 830 A guide to measurements of the proximal left | 456 |
Figure 832 A guide to measurements of the | 458 |
9 | 463 |
from 15 months to 12 years | 371 |
8 | 383 |
Table 810 Terminology for describing antemortem trauma on bone | 398 |
a | 402 |
Figure 92 Searching soil samples from a grave site for | 467 |
close genetic relatives Wenk 2004 The availability of relatives and | 484 |
10 | 498 |
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Common terms and phrases
analysis and/or antemortem anthropologist appropriate archaeologist artefacts assessment body bone breadth Buikstra and Ubelaker clean clothing Code collection complete condyle confirm containers context cranial CRANID database defined dental described detail determine diameter diaphysis difficult documented ensure epiphysis equipment evidence number excavation exhibit femur fetal weeks field film findings first FORDISC forensic fracture fragments health and safety human remains humerus identification images individual investigation labelled Lateral condyle lunar months males mass graves material measurements medial method midshaft millimetres modification mortuary Neural arch nonadult odontologist organisation packaging pathologist pathology personnel photographs possible postmortem postmortem examination potential procedures profile pubic symphysis radiographs recording form recovered recovery reflect relevant removed risk samples scene of crime scientific senior archaeologist significant skeletal remains soil Source specific staff Sternebra storage sufficient surface survey Table taken taphonomic tibia total station trauma Ulna undertaken