A Textbook of Engineering Material and Metallurgy

alloy alloy steels alloying elements Aluminium angle annealing applied austenite bainite bond brittle Burger vector called carbide carbon steel carburizing cast iron cementite chemical chromium components composition constant cooling rate copper cracks creep critical diameter crystal structure cubic curve decreases defects density diffraction diffusion direction distortion ductility effect elastic electrical electron equilibrium eutectic eutectoid Example FCC structure ferrite formation grain boundaries graphite hardening hardness heat treatment Hence hydrogen increases iron carbon isothermal lattice points liquid load machine magnetic martensite material mechanical properties melting point metal microstructure Miller Indices modulus nickel nucleation nucleus Number of atoms orbit particles pearlite phase diagram plastic deformation polycrystalline quantum number quenchant recrystallization result shown in Fig single crystal slip plane solidification specimen strain surface tempering tensile strength thermal transformation TTT diagram twinning unit cell wavelength X-rays yield point yield strength