Polyelectrolytes

acid copolymer activity coefficient anionic anisotropy applications aqueous Biopolymers carboxylic cationic cell cellulose CH₂ charge density Chem chemical chloride coating concentration counterions crosslinked curve derived dextran dichroism dielectric dilution dispersion DNPP effect electric birefringence electric field electric polarizability electro-optical electrolyte electrostatic Equation experimental fibers field strength Figure film flocculant flux fraction graft copolymer groups homopolymer hydrolysis increase induced dipole ionic ionomers k/ko latex macroion Macromolecules measurements melt methacrylate METHACRYLIC ACID method mobile ions mole molecular weight molecules monomer Morawetz neutral obtained optical anisotropy paper parameter particles PEC resins Phys Poisson-Boltzmann equation polarizability poly polyanion polycation polyelectrolyte complexes polyelectrolyte solutions polyethylene polyion polymer polymeric polysaccharide properties PVBA-CI pyridine rate constant reactants reaction relaxation resins salt samples side chains sodium solvent specific starch studies styrene substrate sulfonate Surlyn Table Tappi temperature tion values vinyl viscosity xanthan Yoshioka zinc