Organizational EcologyHarvard University Press, 2009年6月30日 - 382 頁 Hannan and Freeman examine the ecology of organizations by exploring the competition for resources and by trying to account for rates of entry and exit and for the diversity of organizational forms. They show that the destinies of organizations are determined more by impersonal forces than by the intervention of individuals. |
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actors adaptation age dependence analysis analyzing boundaries Carroll carrying capacity chapter column competition covariates craft unions cross-effect defined density dependence develop disbanding rates discussed dynamics effects of density empirical entry rate environmental environments evolutionary example exit rate favor Figure fitness functions founding rate function gamma distribution gamma model generalists growth rates Hannan and Freeman hazard hazard function implies independent firms industrial unions inertia kinds of organizations legitimacy likelihood likelihood ratio test manufacturing merger ML estimates mortality rate national labor unions niche width non-monotonic observed orga organizational change organizational diversity organizational ecology organizational forms organizational populations parameters pattern period effects Poisson regression political population ecology populations of organizations production r-strategists restaurants scale parameter selection processes semiconductor firms significantly social Sociological specialists subpopulations subsidiary firms Table theory tional tions transition rates variability variations Weibull model workers zero