Encyclopedia of Paleoclimatology and Ancient EnvironmentsVivien Gornitz Concern exists over human-generated increases in atmospheric greenhouse gases and their potential consequences to society. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in 2007 finds that global temperatures have increased by 0.8oC since 1850 and that climate warming is now 'unequivocal'. While the human imprint is becoming increasingly apparent, Earth’s climate has shifted dramatically and frequently during the last few million years, alternating between ice ages, when vast glaciers covered Northern Europe and much of North America, and interglacials—warm periods much like today. Farther back in geologic time, climates have differed even more from the present. Thus, to fully understand the unusual changes of the 20th century and possible future trends, these must be placed in a longer-term context extending beyond the period of instrumental records. The Encyclopedia of Paleoclimatology and Ancient Environments, a companion volume to the recently-published Encyclopedia of World Climatology, provides the reader with an entry point to the rapidly expanding field of paleoclimatology—the study of climates of the past. Highly interdisciplinary in nature, paleoclimatology integrates information from a broad array of disciplines in the geosciences, ranging from stratigraphy, geomorphology, glaciology, paleoecology, paleobotany to geochemistry and geophysics, among others. The encyclopedia offers 230 informative articles written by over 200 well known international experts on numerous subjects, ranging from classical geological evidence to the latest research. The volume is abundantly illustrated with line-drawings, black-white and color photographs. Articles are arranged alphabetically, with extensive bibliographies and cross-references. |
Contents
p barkerlancaster ac uk Torsten Bickert | 2 |
Ocean Paleocirculation | 22 |
Radiolaria | 34 |
Maximum | 57 |
Andrew A Lacis | 66 |
Mark Pagani | 74 |
Robert R Gaines and Mary L Droser | 85 |
Antarctic Glaciation History | 91 |
Didier Paillard | 498 |
Late Quaternary Megafloods | 504 |
Colgan | 596 |
Michael Widdowson | 605 |
Eawag P O Box 1172 Blindern 0318 Oslo | 611 |
Loess Deposits | 612 |
David Archer | 619 |
Marine Clay Minerals | 625 |
Borehole Climatology | 103 |
Archean Environments | 111 |
Abraham Lerman | 117 |
Bernhard Stauffer | 123 |
Ján Veizer | 132 |
Torsten Bickert | 138 |
Bremen | 142 |
Dan Bosence | 147 |
Franck Bassinotlsce ipsl fr Kjell R Bjørklund | 151 |
Wright | 155 |
Hays | 163 |
Thomas J Crowley | 173 |
Michael E Mann | 181 |
Robert W Dalrymple and Kyungsik Choi | 187 |
Anne de Vernal | 282 |
Kyungsik Choi Avenue des Facultés | 300 |
Coccoliths | 345 |
284 | 380 |
Karen E Kohfeld and Ina Tegen | 388 |
Earth Laws and Paleoclimatology | 394 |
Electrical Conductivity | 403 |
Eolian Sediments and Processes | 413 |
Eolianite | 425 |
320 | 436 |
Evolution and Climate Change | 446 |
Foraminifera | 452 |
Manik Talwani | 477 |
Andrew Goudie | 478 |
Lacustrine Sediments | 485 |
Mark B Abbott and Lesleigh Anderson | 492 |
Glacial Erratics | 494 |
Garland R Upchurch | 634 |
Roger Francois | 643 |
Jeremy R Young | 672 |
COHMAP | 712 |
Ocean Paleoproductivity | 757 |
Ocean Paleotemperatures | 763 |
Cronin | 770 |
Glacial Eustasy | 775 |
Gilles Delaygue | 779 |
Paleocean Modeling | 795 |
Katrin J Meissner Alvaro Montenegro and Chris Avis | 804 |
PaleoceneEocene Thermal Maximum | 812 |
Robert J Oglesby and Kirk A Maasch | 823 |
Donald R Prothero | 833 |
Red Beds | 837 |
PaleoOcean | 840 |
Quaternary Vegetation Distribution | 856 |
Sheldon | 872 |
Continental Sediments | 873 |
Jan Mangerud | 879 |
Kenneth G Miller | 886 |
Vivien Gornitz | 892 |
Michael S Kearney | 902 |
Young | 910 |
Speleothems | 916 |
Germán Mora | 923 |
Glacial Geomorphology | 949 |
Corals and Coral Reefs | 960 |
999 | |
1014 | |