STOMACHS OF DIFFERENT ANIMALS.

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to her acquaintance this filthy weed; for those who use it are daily losing that saliva which ought to be saved for the mastication of their food.

48. Man has only one stomach, and this is all he needs in the digestion of his food, and in preparing it for blood; but we see that different animals require and have different stomachs: some two, three, or four, as the occasion may require.

49. Lobsters and crabs have a very singular stomach. Near the lower end of it there are five little teeth placed on the opposite side; and these being moved up and down by muscles belonging to them, grind the food passed between them, which then goes out at the orifice or opening, into the intestines.

Some birds have two stomachs. The camel, ox, and other animals of that class, have four stomachs; they usually feed on grass and other vegetables, which they slightly chew, and it is carried into the paunch or first stomach; it here undergoes but little change, when it is sent into the second, which is arranged like little cells, having little divisions or partitions between them.

50. Here the food is divided into little rolls, which are carried to the mouth to be masticated; after which, they are then swallowed, and pass into the third stomach; this has long folds or membranes, where another change is affected, when it passes into the fourth stomach, where the principal work of digestion is carried on, and where the gastric juice flows to act on the food. The food is formed into chyme in the fourth

48. How many stomachs has man? 49. Describe the stomach of a crab or lobster? How many stomachs have some birds? How many stomachs has the camel? 49-50. How is their chyme made?

stomach, and this process goes on till all the food has been brought in contact with the gastric juice.

51. Remember, when you hear about animals "chewing their cud," it is the food which has been swallowed once, and is sent up into the mouth from the second stomach. These animals are called ruminating animals. In the stomach of camels the number of cells is great; and they are very large, capable of holding a quantity of water, which he can force up into his mouth as often as necessary. The camel can travel many days over the sandy desert, where there are no wells of water, on account of this provision that nature has given to him to supply himself before he sets out on a journey.

52. In plants, nourishment is absorbed from the earth by the roots, or from the air by the leaves, which serve as lungs to them. But I must pass to another part of this subject, and will give you a few ideas on digestion.

53. By this, is meant the dissolving or changing of the food after it has been chewed or masticated. All agree that this process goes on in the stomach, but there were formerly a great many different opinions as to the manner in which it was effected.

54. The opinion that is now received, is, that the stomach secretes a gastric juice, which acts on the food, and dissolves it into chyme; which is easily done, if the food has been chewed or masticated sufficiently. When food enters the stomach, the gastric juice flows to every part of it; but if we overload this organ, it

50. Which stomach contains the gastric juice? 51. What is meant by "chewing the cud?" What are those animals called that "chew their cud?" How is the camel enabled to travel in the deserts? 52. How are plants nourished? 53. What is digestion? 54. What opinion is now received concerning it?

loses its power of producing the fluid, which differs in different animals, according as they differ in their food. The organs of digestion differ in different animals that live on different kinds of food.

55. If you regard these simple rules I have given to you, you will not have as many pains and aches, and will be far happier than if you neglect them.

I will next tell you about the bones, the skin, and perhaps the lungs and heart, if I find your interest continues.

54. Is the gastric juice always the same? Are the organs of digestion always the same? 55. What good will result from a due regard to the rules laid down in this lesson ?

CHAPTER II.

BONES.

1. CHILDREN, can you tell me to-day what it is that supports our bodies? You know houses have large timbers, called frames. What is the frame-work of the houses in which you and I live-that is, our bodies? "That is what I never thought of," said Mary. "Will you please to tell us?" said another.

2. It is our Bones, children. These are all joined together, and make what is called a skeleton. Here are two cuts, one representing the bones of the Masto

don, on a small scale. They were dug out of a large clay-pit in Orange.co., N. Y., and are the remains of one of the largest animals in the world. It is so tall that a man, standing by its side, cannot reach the head with

What is the subject of chapter second? 1. What have we in our bodies which correspond to the timbers in a house? 2. What is a skeleton? What do the cuts represent?

DIVISIONS OF ANIMALS.

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his cane. The other shows our bones, as they would appear without skin and flesh, and is called the human skeleton, which is the one we shall consider at the present time.

SKELETON OF A MAN.

3. I must first tell you that there are two great divis

2. To which will our attention be confined? 3. In what two great classes are all animals divided?