Engineering Metallurgy

acid alloy steels alloying elements alloys containing alpha aluminum aluminum alloys amount annealed atoms austenite brass brittle bronze carbide carbon content carbon steel cast iron cementite cent carbon cent chromium cent nickel chemical chromium cold composition cooling rate copper corrosion resistance crystal curve decrease deformation diagram ductility effect electrical elongation endurance limit engineering eutectic ferrite fracture furnace gamma grain graphite gray cast iron heat treated heat treatment high temperature increases large number lattice load low-alloy steels low-carbon machine magnesium manganese martensite material mechanical properties melting metal metallurgy molten molybdenum nickel silver open-hearth oxide pearlite phase phosphorus precipitation hardening produce quenched reduced reduction of area result Rockwell room temperature sheet shown in Fig silicon slag solid solution solubility specimen steels containing stress structure surface tempering tensile properties tensile strength thermal tion transformation tungsten usually values welding wire yield strength zinc