On the Origins of Language: An Introduction to the Evolution of Human Speech

ability acoustic activity adult human air pressure anatomy animals appear approximation area function articulatory aspects base behavior brain calls cavity changes Chapter chimpanzee closed communication comparative complex determined discussed distinct effect encoding energy evolution example fact factors Figure filter formant frequencies forms fossil function fundamental frequency gestures graph hominids Homo sapiens human language human speech important involve larynx length Lieberman linguistic lips listeners mandible means mechanisms move muscles natural Neandertal necessary neural newborn nonhuman primates normal Note observed occur particular pattern perception period pharynx phonetic phonetic features plotted position possible present primates probably produce properties range recorded relatively represent selective sentence shape signals similar simply skull sounds speaker species spectrogram speech production stop structure studies supralaryngeal vocal tract theory tion tongue tube variations vocal cords vowel wave waveform