Geochemical and Biogeochemical Reaction ModelingThis book provides a comprehensive overview of reaction processes in the Earth's crust and on its surface, both in the laboratory and in the field. A clear exposition of the underlying equations and calculation techniques is balanced by a large number of fully worked examples. The book uses The Geochemist's Workbench® modeling software, developed by the author and already installed at over 1000 universities and research facilities worldwide. Since publication of the first edition, the field of reaction modeling has continued to grow and find increasingly broad application. In particular, the description of microbial activity, surface chemistry, and redox chemistry within reaction models has become broader and more rigorous. These areas are covered in detail in this new edition, which was originally published in 2007. This text is written for graduate students and academic researchers in the fields of geochemistry, environmental engineering, contaminant hydrology, geomicrobiology, and numerical modeling. |
From inside the book
Results 6-10 of 44
Page 2
... field has its roots in top-secret efforts to formulate rocket fuels in the 1940s and 1950s. Any- one who reads cheap novels knows that these efforts involved brilliant scientists en- dangered by spies, counter-spies, hidden microfilm ...
... field has its roots in top-secret efforts to formulate rocket fuels in the 1940s and 1950s. Any- one who reads cheap novels knows that these efforts involved brilliant scientists en- dangered by spies, counter-spies, hidden microfilm ...
Page 3
... field of study of its own, and the technique was implemented in a number of computer programs. The method had the apparent advantage of not requiring balanced chemical reactions. Soon, the chemical com- munity was divided into two camps ...
... field of study of its own, and the technique was implemented in a number of computer programs. The method had the apparent advantage of not requiring balanced chemical reactions. Soon, the chemical com- munity was divided into two camps ...
Page 5
... field of thermodynamics. A number of texts already present this beautiful body of theory better than I could aspire to in these pages. Among my favorites: Prigogine and Defay (1954), Pitzer and Brewer (1961), Den- bigh (1971), Anderson ...
... field of thermodynamics. A number of texts already present this beautiful body of theory better than I could aspire to in these pages. Among my favorites: Prigogine and Defay (1954), Pitzer and Brewer (1961), Den- bigh (1971), Anderson ...
Page 7
... field area. The final map is detailed enough to show the general arrangement of formations and major structures, but simplified enough, when drawn to scale, that small de- tails do not obscure the overall picture. The map, despite its ...
... field area. The final map is detailed enough to show the general arrangement of formations and major structures, but simplified enough, when drawn to scale, that small de- tails do not obscure the overall picture. The map, despite its ...
Page 10
... field brines appear to be in equilibrium with each other , these species are clearly out of equilibrium with methane . To model such a system , the modeler can decouple redox pairs such as HCO3 - CH4 ( e.g. , Wolery , 1983 ) , denying ...
... field brines appear to be in equilibrium with each other , these species are clearly out of equilibrium with methane . To model such a system , the modeler can decouple redox pairs such as HCO3 - CH4 ( e.g. , Wolery , 1983 ) , denying ...
Contents
7 | |
29 | |
Solving for the equilibrium state | 53 |
Changing the basis | 71 |
6 | 73 |
7 | 101 |
8 | 111 |
Sorption and ion exchange | 137 |
Reactive transport | 301 |
Hydrothermal fluids | 319 |
Geothermometry | 341 |
Evaporation | 357 |
Sediment diagenesis | 373 |
Kinetics of waterrock interaction | 387 |
Weathering | 405 |
Oxidation and reduction | 415 |
10 | 155 |
11 | 166 |
12 | 181 |
Mass transfer | 193 |
Polythermal fixed and sliding paths | 201 |
Geochemical buffers | 217 |
Kinetics of dissolution and precipitation | 231 |
Redox kinetics | 245 |
Microbial kinetics | 257 |
Stable isotopes | 269 |
Transport in flowing groundwater | 285 |
Waste injection wells | 427 |
Petroleum reservoirs | 435 |
Acid drainage | 449 |
Contamination and remediation | 461 |
Microbial communities | 471 |
Sources of modeling software | 485 |
Evaluating the HMW activity model | 491 |
Minerals in the LLNL database | 499 |
Nonlinear rate laws | 507 |
Index | 536 |
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Common terms and phrases
acid activity coefficients albite anhydrite aqueous species aquifer assume basis species Bethke brine buffer Ca++ CaCC CaCO3 calcite calculation results carbonate CaSO4 CH3COO Chapter chemical CO2 fugacity component composition concentration cont’d contains Cosmochimica Acta cristobalite dispersion dissolution dissolved dolomite electron equilibrium constant example Fe++ ferric fluid fluorite formation free cm3 fugacity geochemical modeling geochemistry Geochimica et Cosmochimica governing equations groundwater groundwater flow HCO3 hematite hydrothermal initial ionic strength isotopic iteration kaolinite kinetic methanogens mg/kg Mg++ microbial minerals molal mole numbers muscovite NaCl oxidation oxygen precipitate predicted procedure produce pyrite quartz rate constant rate law rate_con react reactant reaction modeling reaction path reactive transport redox reactions saturation seawater sediment silica simulation SiO2 SiO2(aq solution sorbing sorption step sulfate sulfide supersaturated surface complexation swap temperature thermodynamic tridymite umolal undersaturated
Popular passages
Page 379 - ... present day because erosion has reduced the elevation of the basin's western margin. Paleohydrologic models calculated for the basin (Lee and Bethke, 1994) suggest that in the Eocene groundwater flowed eastward through the Lyons at an estimated discharge of about 1 m/yr. Flow in the Pennsylvania!! Fountain formation, a sandstone aquifer that underlies the Lyons and is separated from it by an aquitard complex, was more restricted because the formation grades into less permeable dolomites and evaporites...