Characterization of Catalytic MaterialsCatalytic materials are essential to nearly every commercial and industrial chemical process in order to make reaction times faster and more efficient. Understanding the microstructure of such materials is essential to designing improved catalytic properties. This volume in the materials characterization series reviews the more common types characterization methods used for understanding surface and structural properties of most types of commercially used catalytic materials.
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Results 6-10 of 72
Page 5
... chemical analysis. X-ray fluorescence and neutron activation analysis are also widely used methods that have the advantage of not requiring the dissolution of the metal or of the alloy. X-ray fluorescence analysis is most sensitive for ...
... chemical analysis. X-ray fluorescence and neutron activation analysis are also widely used methods that have the advantage of not requiring the dissolution of the metal or of the alloy. X-ray fluorescence analysis is most sensitive for ...
Page 6
... chemical nature of the sample. Metals that are irradiated by the electron beam in the microscope emit characteristic X-rays, which give information about the spatial distribution and concentration of elements in the sample. X-ray maps ...
... chemical nature of the sample. Metals that are irradiated by the electron beam in the microscope emit characteristic X-rays, which give information about the spatial distribution and concentration of elements in the sample. X-ray maps ...
Page 11
... chemical state of the surface as a conse- quence of the intense ion bombardment. A topographic image based on secondary ion emission may be obtained using SIMS. Often SIMS is used in conjunction with other surface analysis techniques ...
... chemical state of the surface as a conse- quence of the intense ion bombardment. A topographic image based on secondary ion emission may be obtained using SIMS. Often SIMS is used in conjunction with other surface analysis techniques ...
Page 14
... chemical characterization. Especially in the case of bimetal- lic systems, it is very important to know how the bulk composition relates to the surface composition and how the second metal component modifies the geometry of the surface ...
... chemical characterization. Especially in the case of bimetal- lic systems, it is very important to know how the bulk composition relates to the surface composition and how the second metal component modifies the geometry of the surface ...
Page 15
... chemical and physical changes with changes in the chemical and physical environment and thereby better understand the key principles govern- ing the catalytic behavior of bulk metal catalysts. 1 References W. D. Lawson and S. Nielsen ...
... chemical and physical changes with changes in the chemical and physical environment and thereby better understand the key principles govern- ing the catalytic behavior of bulk metal catalysts. 1 References W. D. Lawson and S. Nielsen ...
Contents
1 | |
17 | |
3 Bulk Metal Oxides | 47 |
4 Supported Metal Oxides | 69 |
5 Bulk Metal Sulfides | 89 |
6 Supported Metal Sulfides | 109 |
7 Zeolites and Molecular Sieves | 129 |
Methods of Preparation and Characterization | 149 |
LowEnergy Electron Diffraction LEED | 179 |
Mössbauer Spectroscopy | 180 |
Neutron Activation Analysis NAA | 181 |
Neutron Diffraction | 182 |
Physical and Chemical Adsorption for the Measurement of Solid Surface Areas | 183 |
Raman Spectroscopy | 184 |
Scanning Electron Microscopy SEM | 185 |
Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy STEM | 186 |
Technique Summaries | 165 |
Auger Electron Spectroscopy AES | 167 |
Dynamic Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry DSIMS | 168 |
Electron Energyloss Spectroscopy in the Transmission Electron Microscope EELS | 169 |
Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Electron Spin Resonance | 170 |
Electron Microprobe XRay Microanalysis EPMA | 171 |
EnergyDispersive XRay Spectroscopy EDS | 172 |
Extended XRay Absorption Fine Structure EXAFS | 173 |
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy FTIR | 174 |
High Resolution Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy HREELS | 175 |
Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry ICPMS | 176 |
Inductively Coupled PlasmaOptical Emission Spectroscopy ICPOES | 177 |
Ion Scattering Spectroscopy ISS | 178 |
Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Scanning Force Microscopy STM and SFM | 187 |
Solid State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance NMR | 188 |
Static Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry Static SIMS | 189 |
Temperature Programmed Techniques | 190 |
Transmission Electron Microscopy TEM | 191 |
Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectroscopy UPS | 192 |
XRay Diffraction XRD | 193 |
XRay Fluorescence XRF | 194 |
XRay Photoelectron and Auger Electron Diffraction XRD and AED | 195 |
XRay Photoelectron Spectroscopy XPS | 196 |
Index | 197 |
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Common terms and phrases
acid adsorbed adsorption alloys alumina aluminum analysis atoms beam bond bulk metal calcination Catal catalytic activity catalytic behavior catalytic materials cation Chem chemical chemical shifts chemisorption Chemistry cobalt coordination crystalline crystallites desorption determine electron microscopy elements energy EXAFS faujasites Figure function hydrogen hydrogenolysis I. E. Wachs interaction lattice layer measured metal catalysts metal oxide catalysts metal oxide overlayers metal oxide phases microporous Mo ions molecular sieves molecules molybdenum oxide monolayer coverage MoS2 Mössbauer Mössbauer spectroscopy neutron obtained oxide support oxygen particle peak photoelectron pillared clays pore powder preparation probe promoter R. R. Chianelli Raman Raman spectroscopy reaction reduced resolution ruthenium sample single crystal solid solution species spectra spectroscopy structure studies sulfides sulfur supported metal oxide surface area surface metal oxide synchrotron techniques temperature temperature-programmed thiophene tion transmission electron microscopy two-dimensional metal oxide X-ray absorption X-ray diffraction XANES zeolites