BROKEN BONES: Anthropological Analysis of Blunt Force Trauma (2nd Ed.)The editors, along with 15 outstanding contributors, comprehensively explore and provide an overview of the principles behind the interpretation of skeletal blunt force trauma. This expanded second edition provides a discussion on how to train for a career in forensic anthropology and offers guidance on how to complete a thorough trauma analysis. It also provides the labels given to different kinds of fractures and the biomechanical forces required to cause bone to fail and fracture. The text provides a theoretical framework for both evaluating published trauma studies and designing new ones. Experimental trauma research is an area ripe for research, and criteria to consider in choosing which non-human species to use in an actualistic study are offered. Common circumstances in which blunt force trauma is encountered are described. Information is provided on a variety of causes of death due to blunt force trauma. These causes range from accidental deaths to homicides due to blunt force from motor vehicle accidents, falls, strangulation, child and elder abuse, among others. Epidemiological information on whom is most likely affected by these various kinds of blunt force trauma is drawn from both the clinical and forensic literature. The most fundamental elements of the text are offered in four chapters where, bone by bone, fracture by fracture, the authors describe what to call each kind of fracture, what is known about how much force is required to break the bone that way, and fracture specific epidemiological information. This particular section of the text provides an invaluable reference source for forensic anthropologists and other osteologists to consult when looking at and trying to classify a bone fracture. Case studies are included to bring the book full circle back to considering the micro and macro bone changes that are seen when bone fails and fractures. The case studies are illustrative both of the concepts described through the book and of the high quality analyses forensic anthropologists contribute to medicolegal investigations of death every day. The text is further enhanced by 150 illustrations, some in color. This completely updated and expanded new volume is an essential reference for the forensic anthropology professional. |
From inside the book
Results 6-10 of 90
... result, the longer the bone the higher the magnitude of stress (Nordin and Frankel 2001). Human bones, being relatively long and gracile for body size, are susceptible to fracture at lower loading points than similar bones from other ...
... results in many cracks forming before the individual cracks can relieve one another by absorbing energy. When cracks grow and intersect one another, many fragments result. The measure of how much a material can deform prior to fracture ...
... result is alteration of the modulus of elasticity. In trabecular bone, gradual elimination of cross-struts weakens ... results in greater deformation before the stiffness due to in-filling of the spaces builds to the point when further ...
... result, the appearance of fracture. This time span is therefore variable, dependent on the pace of the healing ... result of the release of body fluids (Galloway et al. 1999). Other sources of coloration include vegetation, corrosion ...
... result of subsequent blows (Klepinger 2006). As the material properties of fresh bone vary with the rate of applied force, so, too, does the general morphology of the resulting fractures, a phenomenon that is illustrated by the ...
Contents
Section III B | 327 |
Section III C | 336 |
Section III D | 350 |
Section III E | 362 |
Section III F | 369 |
Section III G | 379 |
Section III H | 391 |
Section III I | 399 |