Quaternary Evolution and Biogeography of the Large South American Canidae (Mammalia, Carnivora)

advanced canids alveolus Ameghino angular process anterolabial anterolingual Argentina Atelocynus basal Bolivia brachyurus Brazil broken at crown Buenos Aires Province canids canine Canis dirus carnivore Cerdocyon Chapadmalalan characters cheek teeth Chrysocyon cingulum coronoid process Cuon derived double-rooted Dusicyon Ensenadan entoconid fauna foramen fossa fossil fragment fragmentary frontal sinus genera genus geographic distribution gezi Hoffstetter hypocone hypoconid J. L. Kraglievich labial cingulum Lagoa Santa land mammal ages large canids late Cenozoic left ramus lineage Lujanian Lund M₁ M₂ MACN Macrocyon mandible maxillary measurements medial pterygoideus muscle Mercerat metacone metaconid metaconule MNHN Montehermosan Muaco mybp nehringi North Nyctereutes orcesi Palaeocyon Pampean Formation paracone Pleistocene Pliocene posterior cusplet posterolingual postorbital process premolars principal cusp protoconid Protocyon Pseudalopex relatively large right ramus scagliarum skull length South America species specimen Speothos Stratigraphic and geographic subfamily Talara talonid Tarija tarijensis Tedford Theriodictis platensis tooth toothrow trigonid UCMP Uquian zygomatic