Understanding Motivation and Emotion, 7th Edition

Print version:

Cover; Title Page; Copyright; Preface; Chapter 1: Introduction; What Is Motivation? Why Is It Important?; Motivational Science; Two Perennial Questions; What Causes Behavior?; Why Does Behavior Vary in Its Intensity?; Subject Matter; Internal Motives; External Events and Social Contexts; Motivation versus Influence; Expressions of Motivation; Behavior; Engagement; Psychophysiology; Brain Activations; Self-Report; Framework to Understand Motivation and Emotion; Ten Unifying Themes; Motivation and Emotion Benefit Adaptation and Functioning; Motivation and Emotion Direct Attention Motivation and Emotion Are ""Intervening Variables""Motives Vary Over Time and Contribute into the Ongoing Stream of Behavior; Types of Motivations Exist; We Are Not Always Consciously Aware of the Motivational Basis of Our Behavior; Motivation Study Reveals What People Want; To Flourish, Motivation Needs Supportive Conditions; When Trying to Motivate Others, What Is Easy to Do Is Rarely What Works; There Is Nothing So Practical as a Good Theory; Summary; Chapter 2: Motivation and Emotion in Historical Perspective; Philosophical Origins of Motivational Concepts; Grand Theories; Will; Instinct DriveRise of the Mini-Theories; Active Nature of the Person; Cognitive Revolution; Socially Relevant Questions; Contemporary Era; The 1990s Reemergence of Motivation Study; Brief History of Emotion Study; Conclusion; Summary; Readings for Further Study; Chapter 3: The Motivated and Emotional Brain; Motivation, Emotion, and Neuroscience; Day-to-Day Events Activate Specific Brain Structures; Activated Brain Structures Generate Specific Motivations and Emotions; Neural Basis of Motivation and Emotion; Cortical Brain; Subcortical Brain; Bidirectional Communication Individual Brain Structures Involved in Motivation and EmotionSubcortical Brain Structures; Cortical Brain Structures; Hormones; Summary; Readings for Further Study; Part I: Needs; Chapter 4: Physiological Needs; Need; Three Types of Needs; Fundamentals of Regulation; Physiological Need; Psychological Drive; Homeostasis; Negative Feedback; Multiple Inputs/Multiple Outputs; Intraorganismic Mechanisms; Extraorganismic Mechanisms; Homeostatic Mechanism; Thirst; Physiological Regulation; Environmental Influences; Hunger; Short-Term Appetite; Long-Term Energy Balance; Environmental Influences Self-Regulatory InfluencesWeight Gain and Obesity; Comprehensive Model of Hunger; Sex; Physiological Regulation; Facial Metrics; Sexual Scripts; Sexual Orientation; Evolutionary Basis of Sexual Motivation; Summary; Readings for Further Study; Chapter 5: Extrinsic Motivation and Internalization; Extrinsic Motivation; Incentives and Consequences; Incentives; Reinforcers; Managing Behavior; Consequences; Hidden Costs of Reward; Intrinsic Motivation; Intrinsic Motivation versus Extrinsic Motivation; Expected and Tangible Rewards; Implications; Benefits of Extrinsic Motivation