{totalEditions, plural,
 =0 {# editions }
 one {# edition }
 other {# editions }
 }
 {totalHoldingCount, plural,
 =0 {in # libraries}
 one {in # library}
 other {in # libraries}
 }

This edition in {totalHoldingCount} libraries

{libraryName} added to favorite libraries

{libraryName} removed from favorite libraries

Better World Books

Bookshop.org

RightFind

AbeBooks

VitalSource

Amazon

Select this title to view the detailed record for {title}

Added: {formattedDate}

New at the library

Fiction

Showing {0}-{1} of {total} items

Nonfiction

View access options

Access from your libraries

Borrow from {library}

{formattedDistance} away

Borrow

Borrow from {institution} near {location}

Access Online

Request this item via:

Get it from {institution}

Borrow from your library

Borrow from {institution}

Unable to find any access options. Search the library catalog.

Look what I found on WorldCat.org

Cite list {title}

Cite

Cite {itemTitle}

Share {itemTitle}

Check out this item I found on https://search.worldcat.org

Add {itemTitle} to a list

Share

Add to list

Share list {title}

Item shared from WorldCat.org

Edition

Publisher

View all Formats and Editions for {title}

Dissertation

View all formats and editions

Unable to find libraries on WorldCat with this item.

Access

Yes, show me

Generating recommendations...

We have made recommendations based on your search.

Recommendations provided by a third-party AI service. Only title and author data is shared.

Looks like we hit a snag. Please try again later.

Let us know how we did

beta

We can make recommendations based on this item.

Recommendations for you

Explore similar titles

Uh oh! :(

Sign in

Please sign in to generate recommendations.

ISSN

Cast

Language Notes

Notes

Genre

ISBN

Subjects

Medium of Performance

Event Notes

Reproduction Notes

Show less information

Series

Publication

Credits

Show more information

Performers

Additional Physical Form Entry

Click this link to view the DOI record {x}

Physical Description

OCLC Number / Unique Identifier

Target Audience

Numeric Designation of Musical Work

More Information

Cartographic Mathematical Data

We tailor your experience based on the order of your favorite libraries.

Drag or select a library from below to update the order

use the arrow up and down keys to change the order

{0}, order {1} in the list of {2} libraries

Unable to save libraries order. Please try again

To save changes to the library order, press Done

WorldCat.org

Foreword to the First Edition by Professor Sir David Weatherall. Preface to the First Edition: do you need to read this book? Preface to the Fourth Edition. Acknowledgements.  1 Why read papers at all?  1.1 Does 'evidence-based medicine' simply mean 'reading papers in medical journals'? 1.2 Why do people sometimes groan when you mention EBM? 1.3 Before you start: formulate the problem.  2 Searching the literature.  2.1 What are you looking for? 2.2 Levels upon levels of evidence. 2.3 Synthesised sources: systems, summaries and syntheses. 2.4 Pre-appraised sources: synopses of systematic reviews and primary studies. 2.5 Specialised resources. 2.6 Primary studies - tackling the jungle. 2.7 One-stop shopping: federated search engines. 2.8 Asking for help and asking around.  3 Getting your bearings - what is this paper about?  3.1 The science of 'trashing' papers. 3.2 Three preliminary questions to get your bearings. 3.3 Randomised controlled trials. 3.4 Cohort studies. 3.5 Case-control studies. 3.6 Cross-sectional surveys. 3.7 Case reports. 3.8 The traditional hierarchy of evidence. 3.9 A note on ethical considerations.  4 Assessing methodological quality.  4.1 Was the study original? 4.2 Whom is the study about? 4.3 Was the design of the study sensible? 4.4 Was systematic bias avoided or minimised? 4.5 Was assessment 'blind'? 4.6 Were preliminary statistical questions addressed? 4.7 Summing up.  5 Statistics for the non-statistician.  5.1 How can non-statisticians evaluate statistical tests? 5.2 Have the authors set the scene correctly? 5.3 Paired data, tails, and outliers. 5.4 Correlation, regression and causation. 5.5 Probability and confidence. 5.6 The bottom line. 5.7 Summary.  6 Papers that report trials of drug treatments and other simple interventions.  6.1 'Evidence' and marketing. 6.2 Making decisions about therapy. 6.3 Surrogate endpoints. 6.4 What information to expect in a paper describing an RCT: the CONSORT statement. 6.5 Getting worthwhile evidence out of a pharmaceutical representative.  7 Papers that report trials of complex interventions.  7.1 Complex interventions. 7.2 Ten questions to ask about a paper describing a complex intervention.  8 Papers that report diagnostic or screening tests.  8.1 Ten men in the dock. 8.2 Validating diagnostic tests against a gold standard. 8.3 Ten questions to ask about a paper that claims to validate a diagnostic or screening test. 8.4 Likelihood ratios. 8.5 Clinical prediction rules.  9 Papers that summarise other papers (systematic reviews and meta-analyses).  9.1 When is a review systematic? 9.2 Evaluating systematic reviews. 9.3 Meta-analysis for the non-statistician. 9.4 Explaining heterogeneity. 9.5 New approaches to systematic review.  10 Papers that tell you what to do (guidelines).  10.1 The great guidelines debate. 10.2 How can we help ensure that evidence-based guidelines are followed? 10.3 Ten questions to ask about a clinical guideline.  11 Papers that tell you what things cost (economic analyses).  11.1 What is an economic analysis? 11.2 Measuring the costs and benefits of health interventions. 11.3 Ten questions to ask about an economic analysis. 11.4 Conclusion.  12 Papers that go beyond numbers (qualitative research).  12.1 What is qualitative research? 12.2 Evaluating papers that describe qualitative research. 12.3 Conclusion.  13 Papers that report questionnaire research.  13.1 The rise and rise of questionnaire research. 13.2 Ten questions to ask about a paper describing a questionnaire study.  14 Papers that report quality improvement case studies.  14.1 What are quality improvement studies - and how should we research them? 14.2 Ten questions to ask about a paper describing a quality improvement initiative. 14.3 Conclusion.  15 Getting evidence into practice.  15.1 Why are health professionals slow to adopt evidence-based practice? 15.2 How much avoidable suffering is caused by failing to implement evidence? 15.3 How can we influence health professionals' behaviour to promote evidence-based practice? 15.4 What does an 'evidence-based organisation' look like? 15.5 How can we help organisations develop the appropriate structures, systems and values to support evidence-based practice? 15.6 Why is it so hard to get evidence into policymaking?  Appendix 1 Checklists for finding, appraising and implementing evidence.   Appendix 2 Assessing the effects of an intervention.   Index.

1 online resource (xvii, 238 pages) : illustrations

Trisha Greenhalgh provides the basics of evidence based medicine: how to find a medical research paper, assess it for its scientific validity, and where relevant, put the findings into practice

How to read a paper : the basics of evidence-based medicine